President of Turkey (2007-2014)
Prime Minister of Spain
(2004-2011)
President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2004-2014)
Prime Minister of Belgium (2008, 2009-2011)
President of the Club de Madrid, President of Slovenia (2007-2012)
Chairman of the "Democratic Movement – United Georgia" party, acting President of Georgia (2003-2004, 2007-2008)
Chairman of JP Morgan Chase International (2009-2019), Chairman of the Bank of Israel (1991-2000)
Senior Associate, Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS)
President of the Global Security Institute
Director, Center for Post-Industrial Studies (1996-2019)
Executive Dean of Shanghai Academy of Global Governance and Area Studies (SAGGAS), Professor of Shanghai International Studies University
Senior Vice President, Council on Foreign Relations (CFR)
Director of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)
Executive Vice President of Research, National Opinion Research Center (NORC) at the University of Chicago
Vice President for studies, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, US Deputy Assistant Secretary of State (2006-2009)